Uman National University | today: 05/26/2026
| Author(s) |
A. L. Andriienko, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Agriculture, Institute of Steppe Agriculture, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine O. O. Andriienko, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher, Associate Professor, , Central Ukrainian National Technical University |
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| Category | 201 "Agronomy" | ||
| year | issue | ||
| pages | 5-16 | index UDK | 631.53:631.52 | DOI | 10.32782/2310-0478-2026-1-5-16 (Link) |
| Abstract | The article is devoted to the development of the main parameters of bioadaptive corn (Zea mays L.) cultivation technology that regulate grain yield and quality in the conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe. The main research method used was field research, with additional laboratory and mathematical statistics (dispersion and correlation analyses). The research was conducted in the steppe region of Ukraine during 2010–2017. It was found that predecessors and the system of basic soil cultivation significantly affected the yield and biochemical composition of grain. Plow plowing provided the highest productivity regardless of the predecessor. Among the predecessors, soybeans were the most favorable: after plowing, the yield was 7.15 t/ha, while after sunflowers, it was 6.29 t/ha. Minimum tillage reduced yield by 0.31–0.46 t/ha, and direct seeding reduced it by 4.17–5.61 t/ha, depending on the previous crop. The starch content increased with minimum tillage and reached 72.3%, while with plowing it was slightly lower (70.6–71.7%). The highest protein content (10.0%) was formed after soybeans with plowing. Minimization and zero tillage reduced it by 0.3–0.9%. The fat content was stable (7.1–7.3%). An inverse correlation was found between yield and starch (r = –0.65), as well as between starch and protein (r = –0.82); a direct correlation was found between yield and protein (r = 0.86). Sowing dates had a significant effect on productivity: the highest yields were obtained when sowing on April 15 (8.21–8.71 t/ha), while postponing sowing until May 15 reduced yield by 0.52–1.08 t/ha. The starch content changed insignificantly (±0.3–0.5%) and was slightly higher with later sowing, while protein decreased. Plant density was determined by the biological characteristics of the hybrids. The optimal density for most forms was 60,000 plants/ha, which ensured maximum yield (up to 8.47 t/ha). Thickening to 75,000/ha increased the starch content by 0.2–0.6%, but reduced the protein content. Thus, the formation of corn yield and grain quality is determined by the complex interaction of genotype and agrotechnical factors, among which the most important are the predecessor, the soil cultivation system, the sowing date, and the sowing density. | ||
| Key words | soil cultivation, predecessors, biochemical composition of grain, sowing dates, planting density | ||